Peaches Essay -- Literary Analysis, Reginald McKnight

In the story Peaches, Reginald McKnight introduces his main characters, integrity cosmos Marcus. Marcus is a good guy, but he is described in several(predicate) ways, due to his confidence and insecurity. Throughout the work, author Reginald McKnight takes great c are to exposit situations and describe feelings and personalities that many men experience. This way, even though Marcus is having trouble exacting himself around other people and arrogant at times, he lock away tries to be a better person for Rita and for himself. He does this by sack out of the country to experience other cultures and enhance his morals. On 1 level Marcus demonstrates that he is incredibly confident, on the other level he shows signs of being insecure, manipulative, unstable and incapable of achieving change.Marcus actions continually demonstrate how confident he is. Whether he is next door or across the country, Marcus always has his eye set out for Rita because he sees her as _______. While, he claims I sustain had relationships with Black women and Hispanic women, and Asian women (75), thinking his experiences with other women instantly tie him capable of understanding Rita. Because of ______, Marcus thinks such an understanding of Rita would be ________. He is so eager to be with her that he fails to see her as an individual. To Marcus, past experiences are enough to sustain a healthy relationship. According to Marcus, he had been by means of this before (75) and told Rita she could tell him anything, thinking it had to do with a cultural gap. In fact, Marcus said to Rita, You can tell me. I think Id understand (75). What is he referring to here? His confidence paired with his need for Ritas recognition and approval makes it appear that his confidenc... ...anipulative, and unstable.In creating a character so confident, insecure, manipulative, and unstable, Reginald McKnight also creates a character we can sympathize with. McKnight created a brain that Marcus was a c onfident individual, who set himself apart from society, but in doing so, he set himself up for failure. Where the one woman who could make all the oddment began to fear him. Once that happened, everything went d bearhill as soon as Marcus began to expatriate Ritas response at any given point. Whether or not he was fully aware, Marcus built walls around him and avoided speaking about his personal tone with any sort of depth. This, if anything, makes us aware that negative remarks and statements can start to a very negative result. We are forced to form our own conclusion and conform to the fact that no matter how many miles away, one person may never change.

The Economics of Illicit Drugs Essay -- Crime and Drugs

In this essay I will determine drug clapperclaw and show the economic impact of the sales of unlawful drugs. I will introduce an argument for legalization and the impact to the economy. coterminous I will discuss some of the economic cost from inadequacy of productiveness, health c be cost and other cost associated with Drug ab mapping. In order to understand the economic impact of illicit drugs we must commencement define what a drug is. A drug is defined as any substance other than food that affects the way your creative thinker or body works. Abuse is defined as the wrong use or misuse of something. So drug abuse would be defined as the wrong use of drugs. As a D.A.R.E. officer, this definition has been ingrained into my mind for the past eighteen years. During my twenty years of Law Enforcement I keep learned how dangerous drugs are to the economy. They damage your body and drug abuse also has a huge economic impact on the country. In the United States there are two types of drugs legal and illegal. The legal drugs form two subcategories, prescription medicine and over the counter. Prescription drugs are placed into several(predicate) categories called schedules. The ones that beget a highest chance for abuse or addiction have a higher place in the schedule. agendum I drugs are the drugs that have no safe or accepted medical use in the United States. Examples are heroin, marijuana, LSD, PCP, and crack cocaine. As you go mint the schedule the drugs become less addictive and have a bantam potential for abuse, but are still controlled by the Drug Enforcement Agency. Schedule V are the lowest controlled drugs. Examples are codeine, valium and xanax Non prescription drugs are those that are sold over the counter and you do not need a prescription to purchase. The illegal o... ...0,000,000 on the health care, productivity and other cost, yet in the same time period we besides spent $150 Billion on enforcing the drug laws.If we focu sed on the treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers, I feel a secure portion of the trillion dollars could be used for other things. The economic arrive at could possibly be unmeasurable.Works CitedBureau of jurist Statistics (BJS) . (n.d.). Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) . Retrieved April 10, 2011, from http//bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/Moomaw, R. L., Olson, K. W., & Edgmand, M. R. (2007). Crime and Drugs a Modern Delima. Economics and contemporary issues (7th ed., pp. 201-216). Mason, OH Thomson/South-Western.THE ECONOMIC be OF DRUG. (2001, September 1). National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved April 7, 2011, from www.ncjrs.gov/ondcppubs/publications/pdf/economic_costs98.pdf

Five Forces Framework in Personal Computer Industry (DELL) Essay

gate louvre Forces Frame lay down in Personal Computer Industry ushers Five Forces Model is a computer simulation that analyzes an industriousness to serving of process plough a business strategy. The model uses five forces that take hold been set to categorize an patience as intensely competitive or non competitive at all and this go out thus determine the attracter of the grocery store. For the purpose of this assignment, I pass on use the company that I work with before which is dingle as a case study. dell Inc. (formerly k outright as dell Computer) is an American multinational estimator applied science potentiometer based in Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells, repairs and supports estimators and related products and gains.Bearing the found of its founder, Michael Dell, the company is iodin of the macroscopicst technological corporations in the world, employing much than 103,300 people worldwide. Dell opened its plants in Penang, Malaysia in 1995. They progress to two plants located in Bayan Lepas (AP 1) and Seberang Perai (AP 2). AP 1 is their main office firearm AP 2 is Dell milling machinery and office. In 2006, Dell opened its office in Cyberjaya. Most of the group located in here is for IT Support and Development. Currently they confound most 900 people working in Dell Cyberjaya Office. jibe to Grant (2005), at that place argon many features of an industry in which a company competes that determines the take aim of tilt it leave al unity face and the lolly it give get. The most celebrated classification was done by Michael Porter, known as Porters Five Forces theoretical account which can help a company determine its effectiveness profits by looking at five sources of competitive pressure. The five sources of competition are1. Competition from entrants2. Competition from substitutes3. Competition from established rivals4. bargain mogul of providers5. Bargaining military group of buye rs.Taking Dell as an ex group Ale, I will perform the Porters Five Forces analysis on the in-person computer industry to identify the state of this commercialise.Porters Five Forces Personal Computer IndustryThreat of New EntrantsThe threat of impertinently entrants in the in-person computer industry is very weak. Currently the market is dominated by five major competitors who have nearly the holy market share this will probably discourage any potential new companies from come outing the market. A huge barrier to entry is to a fault that the market requires earthshaking investments to be made in research and out ripening to continually develop innovative products as sanitary as large fixed start-up cost for manufacturing and employees and customer service. Large flyings have the capabilities of manufacturing at level prices because of the advantage of economies of scale, where the will have fewer per unit costs as a result of their large scale production. Companies tryi ng to enter the market will initially have smaller production and will thence have lavishlyer(prenominal) prices.In the personal computer industry there is currently much emphasis put on price because consumers have pop off more price sensitive as personal computers have get more or less a commodity. New entrants will non only have richlyer prices notwithstanding they will same(p)ly have a less innovative product as well because they do not have equal funding for research and reading as opposite established brands and they will also have to wield with the brand loyal customers that have trusted the living players in the industry for years. By attempting to get married the market without any market share it will also be important for a new entrant to concentre its investments more heavily on advertising and marketing then animated brands.A new entrant to the personal computer market will likely not fare well and is almost guaranteed to always be a second m all ove r as the larger companies will develop more innovative products more rapidly because of their many competitive advantages.Bargaining Power of SuppliersSuppliers in the personal computer industry can be categorized into three groups, including hardware suppliers, software suppliers and service suppliers. The core of their products are generally standardized and they compete by focusing on creating better, more advanced products at a better price and not through their attempts to differentiate them. As a result, unbendables within the industry are able-bodied to switch between their suppliers relatively easily. It is really in the hands of the firm and which strategy they are committed to that will determine whether or not they will utilize a high or low sack supplier. With the quality of a computer being largely determined by their microprocessors and application system installed within them, suppliers of hardware and software within the industry play a critical role in the prici ng of products.If a firm is following a high quality strategy then it can be expected that their prices will generally be higher to reflect the higher prices they are paying their suppliers In terms of service suppliers, the service that can be offered within the personal PC industry include internet, tech support and repair services. These suppliers focus highly on operational performance and relational performance in order to affix customer satisfaction. They also offer a variety of customer committal programs in attempts to lock in and expand their customer base while trying to gain the competitive edge over competitors within the service industry of personal computers.While the PC industry changes regularly, it can be observed that only the central processing unit (CPU) is a differentiate input. All other items are commodity in nature and so dont command a bargaining exponent. Intel has a significant market power as it is a single major supplier of microprocessor and has an 80% of market share.Thus, Dell as computer manufacturer holds a power over the suppliers as opposed to the suppliers holding a power over the manufacturers. It is the suppliers that are in direct competition with each other. The suppliers are often forced to slash prices or immingle with larger companies in order to survive. and so, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate.Bargaining Power of BuyersThe personal computer industry is somewhat vulnerable against the bargaining power of buyers. In new-made years customers have more and more pick options to the personal computer. Smartphones, launch pad computers, and other handheld devices like Ipods have most of the same capabilities as a personal computer. Because of the availability, sleekness, and trendiness of these alternatives, they have become increasingly popular make personal computers more and more obsolete. In order for the personal computer to compete with these newer alternative options, it must differentiat e itself in order to bump market share. Large businesses, governments and schools which buy computers in large volumes have the power to bargain on price, quality and service.Personal computer buyers are price-sensitive. PC manufacturers can reduce a threat of buyer power by differentiating their product. DELL is the only PC manufacturer that applied direct model concept where buyers can directly buy computers with DELL without a so called middle man. By using this concept, computers cost per unit can be reduced. Furthermore, buyers are able to customize the PC based on their needs. The bag of the direct model concept is to improve efficiency by in effect eliminating the intermediaries thereby allowing the company to speak directly to the customer. Dealing directly with customers allows Dell to customize their orders according to the customers needs. But, despite several ways in which manufacturers have differentiated their products and found ways to increase switching costs, customers still fill units as very similar and thus choose primarily on price. Hence the bargaining power of buyers can be concluded to be strong.Rivalry among Existing FirmsThere is fierce competition between the buy the farm manufacturers in the personal computer industry. All of which are fighting to throw a low cost, powerful machine with the most efficient run system. Firms specialize in different areas in order to compete amongst their rivals. about focus on innovation and attempt to bring the newest technology to their customers first. Nevertheless, others whitethorn focus on their distribution channel and services throughout their firm. However, one of the fiercest areas is the price competition throughout the industry. As the PC has increasingly become a commodity in a household, the fight to keep costs low while bringing the best product to the market has become a never ending battle. One major factor in determining the quality of a personal computer is the microproce ssor and application systems installed. As a result, there is a direct correlation between the firms profitability and the profitability of the firms suppliers.Main manufacturers viz. DELL, IBM, HP, Acer and Apple are in competition to produce the least(prenominal) expensive and most efficient machine. Japanese companies such(prenominal) as Fujitsu, Toshiba, Sony and necrotizing enterocolitis also have large market shares. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service while others such IBM and Apple focus more on innovation. All these create specialisation to some extent. Low-cost production at DELL contributes its positive growing rate, while other major manufacturers are experiencing negative growth rates. other important of competitive advantage is globalization. Many PC makers in the US now earn around 40% of their r flushues in international markets. Although PC markets in the US, Europe and Japan have matured and the demand has slowed down, on the othe r hand demand in Asia Pacific is expected to grow.The personal effects of intense competition are beginning to be felt as companies exit via selling to other companies or simply exiting the industry altogether. For example, load down Computers was acquired by Hewlett-Packet in 2002 while Xerox exited the computer business and focalize on printers. Regardless of the number of companies present, the computer industry will offer to expand and remain competitive for a number of years to come. Hence the threat to industry rivalry can be concluded to be strong.Threat of Substitutes and ComplementsAlthough it is very unlikely for a new entrant to join the personal computer industry there are currently other growing industries such as the smartphone and birth control pill industries which are predicted to affect the gross sales of personal computers. The smartphone and tablet industry have different major players, but their product offers similar benefits to consumers that a person al computer also has. As smartphones and tablets continue to increase in popularity and in performance the sales of personal computers will likely decline, as some consumers see these products as alternatives for one another. The internet can now be chafeed through phones and tablets and they are more portable than a laptop. Currently laptops and personal computers offer many funny applications and are compatible with much more software than smartphones and tablets.If smartphones and tablets can key greater memory space, processing speeds, and compatibility with similar software, smartphones and tablets may be an all-in-one alternative to personal computers. As technology continues to increase these separate industries may merge into one, or at least drastically affect each other. According to the guardian.com, Dell revenues slump by 11% year-on-year to $13.7 b as tablets and smartphones enter into market. In digitaltrends.com, PC shipments in 2013 show a decline over the previou s year while tablet sales forecast to grow by a hefty 67.9 percent with 202 million sales. Moreover, in ctvnews.ca, it declared that PC sales continue to fall nearly 8 % as smartphones and tablets cut the demand.But, according to Michael Dell himself, the impact of smartphones and tablets will be limit to DELL, as it focused on the entire IT ecosystem. They have direct capabilities to know customer information seamlessly and securely in multiple-device and BYOD environments, including virtualized desktop that you can access from any device. It is forecasted that 87% of connected devices sales by 2017 will be tablets and smartphones. Hence threat from substitutes is strong in the PC industry.Recommendation for DELLThe following are the recommendations on how DELL can turn its existing product advantage to a competitive advantage Dells origin is in U.S. It is important for DELL to launch its products in US first before branch out to Europe and Asia. What is happening now is the rev erse tactics that will jeopardize the threats of Power of Buyers. Consumers are go from PC to smartphones and tablets nowadays. Even though Dell launched its smartphone named Dell Streak in 2010, seems like this substitute for PC was failed to gain the market share.Dell dapple is no longer available in the market not even after one year of its launch. Even though Dell run was the first of its kind with 5-inch Android phones, the failure to continue the R&D makes Dell left far behind in smartphone and tablet industry compares to Samsung and Apple. DELL is focusing on distribution channel and high quality service for many years. Other rivalry such as Apple and IBM focus more on innovation. With the fast growing technology movement, it is quantify for Dell to focus more on innovation and R&D. Otherwise, it will left behind and face hard time to sustain in the PC makers market share..ConclusionIt can be conclude that the PC industry is fairly attractive for well-established, g lobal and leading companies but not for new firms. Although cost of assembling a PC is low, the barrier to entry is fairly high because of the economics of scale and brand-loyalty.Providentially, the high barrier to entry provides strong competitive advantages to existing large companies like DELL. Nevertheless, PC manufacturer like Dell should especially focus on buyers, industry competitors and also substitutes for PC like smartphones and tablets to gain the market growth and sustainability of their profits.

A Swot Analysis of Starbucks

Introduction Starbucks is a famous deep brownhouse. Until the mid-1980s it was scarce a provider of coffee to fine restaurants. thenceforth Howard Schultz, director of retail operations and trade placeing, was impressed of the popularity of coffee in Milan succession he was in Europe . His idea was born. He fatalityed to encounter the coffee bar culture to the Ameri great deals. So Starbucks started to realise his idea and so created a refreshful trend. The clue is non only if to sell coffee, hardly to sell an experience. Today Starbucks has got more or less 20 one thousand thousand customers all(prenominal) calendar week in about 5500 coffeehouses all everyplace the worldly concern . fleck follow to increase sales more than and more, Starbucks has got a special reaping strategy. They sacrifice a passel of stores in a very(prenominal) short distri onlyor fleck of cartridge clip, expanding numerous food hints and as well getting into hot segments, for ex ample supermarts. They fall apart untried w ars like bottled coffee or Starbucks-flavoured ice cream. In gain to that, Starbucks tests radical coffeehouse concepts, for example with live music. Since a few years, Starbucks opens more and more stores outside America.The important question is, if Starbucks proceeds rate ordain continue within close years because on the one gift critics say that Starbucks originates too unfaltering and is loosing the focus while on the separate(a) hand some critics comp atomic number 18 Starbucks coffee with Mc Donalds? burger and believe that they go out grow up more and more as the dominant player on this market . With the help of the SWOT synopsis and the BCG intercellular substance the situation of Starbucks can be tryd later on(prenominal) finding out, why tidy sum reach more specie for a coffee, than in other coffeehouses.What has suddenly made nation across the world unbidden to pay three to four times more for a cupfu l of coffee than they utilize to? Starbucks has created a new trend. They do non adept sell coffee, they sell an experience. To drink coffee at Starbucks is different from drinking coffee in a nonher coffeehouse according to a Starbucks executive director who express, that Starbucks is not in the agate line of filling bellies but in the business of filling souls . They recognised that they were getting into a new inlet, which did not hold up before.While having big success, Starbucks grows rapidly to obtain an advantage according to a bunch of competitors who also weared this new niche. With the luxuriously-quality coffee, Starbucks creates besides a new send a new lifestyle which is known all over the world. Furthermore, they whirl a lot of different flavours which differs from other coffeehouses. exactly coffee is not the only reason why people are go awaying to pay a lot more there than in other coffeehouses. The bang statement declares that the employees job is not only to sell coffee.They should enthusiastically reciprocate every customer to go him the special feeling and experience at Starbucks . All in all Starbucks recognised a new niche and satisfied the customers with their special flavoured and spicy quality coffee. To get an idea of Starbucks success, it is requisite to take a close look at the party by using the SWOT analysis and the BCG ground substance. A SWOT analysis of Starbucks Strengths The lodge has a strong carriage in the United States of America and a computable reputation for creativity and coffee. Starbucks has started a real trend and some an(prenominal) people enjoy drinking a Starbucks coffee.However, it is not just coffee but rather an experience Starbucks sells. Starbucks operates in more than 5,500 stores worldwide. This presence provides a wide and strong customer base. It is a global brand and is astray known. Starbucks built up a reputation for fine products and the name is a common brand label a nd this gives Starbucks a competitive advantage because people connect coffee with Starbucks. Every week more than 20 million customers visit Starbucks to get a coffee once or doubly a day. In the last years the company could tripled their earnings. Another competency is that Starbucks has a strategy they follow.These strong principles include that Starbucks looks after their employees and threat each of them with respect. They create a nice and friendly environment that they also conjecture outwards. Starbucks offers different flavours finished its position as a disciplined innovator and introduces diverse products. They also pay attention to the high standards and want to offer the best quality. Starbucks decided to push into supermarkets because the majority of people bought their coffee in stores before. Therefore Starbucks came to the conclusion to make a take away with the Kraft company.This deal combines Starbucks experience in producing premium coffee with Krafts asso ciation of marketing, interchange and distributing. That was a dear(p) step for Starbucks to reach a new channel and to get the entry to 25,000 supermarkets. It makes sense that the company wants to reach the people at home and to include more people into the Starbucks lifestyle. Beyond stores, Starbucks sells its beans to hotels, some(prenominal) airlines and airports. Starbucks sells gourmet coffee, beans as well as gifts and related goods. (Starbucks also subscribe a deal to operate coffee shops within Waterstones bookshop superstores. too the homepage of Starbucks has become self-made and a lifestyle portal, where the company sells a variety of products like tea, coffee making equipment, compact discs and collectibles to satisfy their customers call for with different products. Weaknesses One of Starbucks weakness is that their primary product is just coffee. They are accordingly dependent on this main product line. Starbucks is however interrogatory to launch food offe rings like sandwiches and chips in combination with coffee. Its goal is not only to expand more and more in its offerings but also to reach only target groups .A problem is that Starbucks has a faint ability to diversify into other sectors which could be fatal because the company believes in being successful not only because it is exchange coffee but rather it is selling an experience . This makes them different from other competitors who might only sell coffee. drinking chocolate Lifestyle may vary from time to time due to the fact that the global coffee market is a very competitive sector . Another weakness are high prices of its products. race pay up to $3. 15 for a caffe latte. One supposes that people purchase this product only because they think that it is a premium product .But it is especially the brand name which tempts customers to buy the product without taking the high prices into consideration. As already mentioned before, the customer is not only buying the produ ct, he is buying it with an experience. Another weakness of Starbucks is that they are simply relying on the doctrine that coffee is just an experience. There exists no doubt a good marketing strategy but it is questionable if this is helpful to maintain over time on the market with the strategy of only focusing on one product. We are not in business of filling bellies were in the business of filling souls says one Starbucks executive.That shows another(prenominal) very good and appealing philosophy of Starbucks. This makes the product and its uniqueness but it is only a question of time when people are saturated of this experience. You postulate to point out that Starbucks itself tries hard to achieve this effect by the people through a competent public relationship. Opportunities Starbucks has a widespread presence and practices in about 1. 415 stores and just last year they build up four hundred new stores. The company has follown opportunities to open further stores all over t he world due to the heavy demand and space to expand. For example Indiana in the US has only one Starbucks.Furthermore, Starbucks has the opportunity to expand its global operations. The company is now expanding rapidly and in 2003 the number of stores has increased in 24 international markets compared to 1996 when they had only 11 stores outside the United States. Starbucks also tests new food which re dedicates that food might be the next step they want to go. With this the company would have the chance to offer food that could be successful as its coffee. They test everything from doughnuts to Greek pasta salads. Starbucks also teamed up with PepsiCo to survey the brand on Frappuccino drinks and a newDoubleShot expresso drink.Beyond this Starbucks ice cream is directly a leading brand of coffee ice cream after Starbucks established a knock venture with Breyers. In addition, Starbucks invested in cafe Starbucks, a European-style family bistro, where the costumer has a wide choi ce from huckleberry-pancakes too oven-roasted sear sirloin. A yenside, Starbucks is testing Circadia, a new food venture, where the customers have Inter pass attack and listen to live music. Starbucks has always been able to offer new coffee experiences as well as creating new products or opening new kinds of stores. ThreatsOne of the biggest threats of Starbucks is its grand expanding upon all over the world. When launching a new product numerous customers are visiting the companys stores world wide each week. It is especially Starbucks growth strategy which stands for a threat for the company. Starbucks especially con centrates on store growth. Almost 85 per cent of sales are generated through its stores. Although they have great success, Starbucks always finds new places for further expansion on the topical anaesthetic as well as on the national market with being aware of the fact that the local as well as the national market may be saturated of its product.The creation of new retail channels also shows that Starbucks is not concerned about peoples rejection or about failing to be successful. apart(predicate) from their strong presence in kiosks, several(prenominal) airlines, hotels and the co-operation with Waterstones bookshop superstores, Starbucks enters 25,000 supermarkets to sell their products next to their strong competitors like Nestle and Kraft. They also offer coffee, tea and its equipment on its website to be internationally present for a wider target group. To intensify its presence they are not deterred by joining with other companies to have its logotype to be seen everywhere.Several ideas should achieve various people. They are full of ideas only of the fact of not wanting to stop their expansion. However, the international growth is remarkable. While having only 11 coffee-houses in 1996 outside North-America, they now launch their products into 24 international markets. The great success of Starbucks has also brought negative consequen ces for the company because many competitors try to imitate them. These are companies like Caribou Coffee, Costa Coffee, and Coffee Republic. However, it is very hard to maintain on the global coffee market which is a very competitive sector.These days one speaks about an progressively over caffeinated marketplace. So Starbucks essential compete against the offers of restaurants, coffee shops and street carts. A major competitor with substantially greater financial, marketing and operating re mentions than Starbucks could enter the market at any time and compete directly against the company. Starbucks must be aware of competition on all levels and maintain its running(a) performance if it is to retain status as the worlds leading specialty coffee retailer.Finally you could say that Starbucks is more concerned about the fact that there are still plenty of local places as well as internationally places which is not taken over by them. Instead of being worried about the fact that th eir rapid expansion could also lead to a rapid decrease and failure in several markets. The whole marketing strategy of Starbucks may cause to a loss of the main focus through stretching its re fountains by further expansion. Main focus should be first put on the product itself and not on international expansion in this way.Why not ensure the popularity of the product itself than making it something averageal due to the fact that it is present almost everywhere. It can be seen undoubtedly that Starbucks has the potential for development in many different ways but it has to have its growth below control. This may be a challenge for Starbucks. BCG Matrix The BCG matrix is an instrument, create in the early 1970? s by the Boston Consulting Group to analyze the product portfolio of a company or a business unit. The matrix is based on the product life circle. The matrix is mainly used in the strategic marketing sector.The matrix shows in a prepare plan the positions of different strat egic business units. The interesting categories are on the one side the business growth rate on the y-axis and the market cover on the x-axis. The method brings cognitions in three relevant areas ? abridgment of the strategic position of a company. ?Determine the capital in the several business units with a view on the whole company and thusly the cash flow in the company. ?Every quadrant responds to a norm strategy which could be used as a guideline to spill strategic activities in the company .It is also necessary to look after the whole portfolio especially on the statistical financial compensation. The products in the portfolio should be based upon on another and finance one another. To create a long-term value a company should have a portfolio of products that includes fast growing products which convey a high input of funds and tardily growing products which are creating a high hail of cash. The BCG matrix has deuce dimensions relative market pct and market growth rate. The idea can this matrix is if a product has a high market share or the market of the product is growing fast than it is an advantage for the company. analytic thinking of Starbucks using the BCG Matrix Cash cows Benefits from the generation of cash should be high. Because of the low-growth rate capital expenditures which are necessary should be hold low. practically cash cows are the stars of yesterday and build the base of a company . One of Starbucks cash cows is their coffee ice cream. This is a relatively risk free investment that doesnt absorb great comes of cash. Through the partnership with Breyers, Starbucks doesnt invite to spend money on the production process. With Breyer? experience and the Starbucks name the ice cream was sure to go after on the market. With it now being one of the market leaders on the coffee ice cream market, Starbucks can milk it and benefit from the sales, erudite that there is not a high cost factor. Another, but quite an small cash cow is their bottled Frappuccino drink. Once again Starbucks took on a similar strategy by working with an already established beverage manufacturer. The investments are once again a lot lower than their sales, grownup them a high profit margin. Stars Stars use a high amount of cash.These are leader in the business and hence they should create a high amount of cash. Stars are often in balance with the net cash-flow. The company should do their best to hold the market share on stars because stars result become cash-cows if the market-share is held by the company . Starbucks biggest star is the coffee exchange and consumed in their coffee shops (stores). With an incredible 85% of sales coming from their stores it is their biggest source of cash intake . Although competitors offering similar products have emerged, the market growth still looks promising.Some states like Alabama and Mississippi dont have any Starbucks stores meaning that there is still a long market to expand onto. The pe ople living in these states have not been able to enjoy a cup of Starbucks coffee. The revenues from their coffee sales should therefore be used to invest in new stores making it thinkable to sell their coffee. Another one of their stars is the packaged coffee change in supermarkets. With the help of Kraft Starbucks has gained quick access to the packaged coffee market. therefrom they have been able to quickly increase their market share on a rapidly growing market .Unlike their other joint ventures with PepsiCo and Breyers, Starbucks has done more than just put their name on the product. As they are still roasting and packaging their own coffee they need to invest a lot to further establish their position on the market. Dogs Dogs are discontinued models of the company. A company should minimize, better avoid the number of dogs. Dogs have to make cash, otherwise they are divested . Starbucks? dog is the sandwiches sold in their stores. Although they experiment with different food s in their stores, they do not make a lot of profit from food sales.Furthermore it can be said that the sandwich market is not growing and Starbucks do not have a high market share. However, this SBU should not be divested immediately as it may help them to draw in further customers who know that they go out be able to grab a sandwich to go with their coffee. hesitancy marks Question marks are the newcomer of the products. The have a high growth-potential. They have the worst cash features of all, because they have a high demand of cash but perform low outcomes because of their low market-share. If the market-share is unvaried are question marks using a high amount of cash.The management has to decide to invest in the product or to give it up. Starbucks further attempts to boost their growth such(prenominal) as selling coffee to airlines and hotels can be classified as question marks. At the moment the demand for premium coffee to be sold in airports and hotels might be high, but so far only Marriott, Sheraton and Westin have deals with Starbucks meaning that there are a lot of hotels not selling their coffee . If they want to expand on this market they will need to invest a lot of money into new deals with other hotels.It will take time before they can increase their market share and make a profit. Cafe Starbucks and Circadia, 2 new store concepts are also question marks. At the moment they are only experimenting to see how customers will react to a different kind of Starbucks experience. Setting up a chain of these new concepts will require a lot of money and time before they can establish themselves on the market. If they advance in competing with other cafes of a similar style this SBU could be another profitable SBU in the future dayAfter positioning Starbucks? products on the BCG matrix it can be said that they have a stable source of revenue. With the majority of their sales coming from the coffee sold in their stores and two profitable, if on a s maller scale, joint ventures they have enough money to invest in other new products or stores to ensure that they will be as successful in the future. Besides investing this money in new stores enabling them to serve an even larger market, it can be invested in their coffee sold in supermarkets.Rapid growth of the premium coffee segment indicates that it wont be long before a number of competitors force their way onto the market. Investing into this SBU will enable it to develop into a cash cow in the future. Regarding the sandwiches sold in their stores they need to reconsider if this is something they should continue to invest in the future. The prospects for the future look promising as they have two strong stars and other smaller products that can carry the company in the future. Looking at Starbucks as a whole it can be seen as a star.Although there are a number of copycats trying to move in on their market share, there is still the potential for the company to grow. Up until n ow not all states have their own Starbucks store, an indication that the market is still growing. Although they have tripled their sales and profits over the last 5 years, they need this money to invest in new stores in states such as Alabama and Mississippi and their new store concepts such as Cafe Starbucks . If they are able to expand successfully and the market ceases to grow they will eventually turn into a cash cow.

Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Essay

The opportunity to measure out original look coiffes as unrivaled of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and look for (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to enhance this process I exit critique empirical research articles for the habit of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leading ethical motive.So, apply the literature presented within in the engagements of Predictors of Ethical Code subroutine and Ethical Tolerance in the Public Sector by Neal Ashkanasy, Sarah Falkus, and higher-up C each(prenominal)an along with Advancing ethical motive in Public Organizations The Impact of an Ethics Program on Employees Perceptions and Behaviors in a Regional Council by Itai Beeri, Rachel Dayan, Eran Vigoda-Gadot, and Simcha Werner, and fin on the wholey, An confirmable Study of Leader Ethical Values, Trans kneadational and Transactional Leadership, and Follower Attitudes Toward Corporate Social state by Kevin Groves and Michael LaRocca comparison s will be made on the relevance and motive for research purposes. In comparison, the authors of each dramatics of force utilize ethical behaviors for the purpose of comparing relationships, perceptions, and beliefs associated with measures of ethical practice.Furthermore, reasonable justification for conducting the research presented in each training is outlined as evidence from the posed research questions and is buckramise within the results of each piece of literature reviewed. Posed Research Questions Relating the Authors in the Comparison Similarly, the literature within each study concentrate on ethical practice and how it used to enhance behavior of case-by-cases within organizations. However, assertions within the scope of the posed research questions present relevant generalizations for each study. For example, Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) focused on variables that formulated predictive roles of organizational, individual, group, and contextual levels for ut ilizing formal codes of conduct. These variables were developed to serve as predictors of ethical tolerance as a result of formal code use.Whereas, organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and quality of work life (QWL) argon the innovation in which Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner (2013) perceive affirmatory relationships atomic number 18 built as ethical resources are generated. Hence, these third areas promote consciousness of ethical leadership and decision making in addition to the ethics code. Further, Groves and LaRocca (2011) incorporate the notion of corporate social responsibility by casting both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Here, the idea is leaders with deontological values of ethics will be perceived as modeling transformational leadership, while leaders with teleological values of ethics are perceived as modeling transactional leadership (Groves et al. , 2011).Although each study assessed various et hical practices, each displays similarities in presenting study results as a means of validating posed questions of research. Sample Populations The results enter from evaluations used in the sample populations highlighted evidence relevant to that of measures needed to see theory associated with ethical practice. Hence, each study presented the results through a form of statistical abridgment in which various test groups within the field of research were used. Moreover, similar methods were incorporated to assess the results of the respondents within all three studies. Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callans Approach This evaluation involved mailed questionnaires to public field employees in one State of Australia.The principal method of conducting this study was establish on hierarchical regression, and addressed several factors such as demographic measures, personal ethical values and attitudes, context and group-level variables, and organizational practices (pg. 245, 2000). Given the basis of evidence Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) used this method of analysis to assert that ethical decisions are more likely to be influenced by employees, versus the effect of group and individual variables. Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werners Approach In lieu of the goal to test the relationships between ethics and performance within governments locally, Beeri et al. , (2013) used questionnaires to evaluate the long landmark effects of an ethics program on employees perceptions, and the behavior in one council of an Israeli region.This as a result, stems from awareness of ethical codes, and inclusion of employees in the ethical decision making process. Groves and LaRoccas Approach Groves and LaRocca (2011) utilized voluntary community-establish leadership programs that targeted educational values on ethics. The leaders of these community based programs were emailed a link with instructions for participation with an online questionnaire. The assumption here was that preparation on both transformational and transactional leadership, in addition to ethical decision making and CSR would now be implemented. Results Analysis All in all, the results displayed by the analysis of each study correspond to the boilersuit bm of the posed research.For example, back up results aline with study hypotheses, but signified that certain mechanisms underlie the measuring rod for each of the tested variables on different levels according to Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000). Whereas, Beeri et al. , (2013) report a greater awareness in ethical codes and decision making along with increased organizational commitment is achieved as a result of positive ethical leadership. And finally, Groves and LaRocca (2011) correlated their findings with the original prediction that transformational leadership alone was aligned with the beliefs of abetter _or_ abettors in view of the corporate social responsibility of stakeholders. induction Study Limitations of Articles To fully appreciate the level of understanding needed to evaluate literature of empirical research, a description of the methodology, research questions and an analysis of results moldiness be presented to determine the validity of the overall analysis. And as such, each study discussed within the contents of this paper has been successful in delivering on all areas to support research efforts. However, there were areas that pose limitations to future research efforts for all three studies. For example, the use of questionnaires may not represent a reliable assessment of the respondents beliefs (Ashkanasy et al. , 2000).Also, issues surrounding anonymity can urface when responding to questions concerning ethical climate (Beeri et al. , 2013). And further, influences set by both earthy source and common method can stimulate bias in lieu of follower values of CSR (Groves & LaRocca, 2011). For future development of the practice The results yield an overall influence within organi zations that build on variables to increase ethical standards. However, there are yet underlying issues for democratic organizations that stress the importance of ethics, integrity, and honor (Beeri et al. , 2013). And recommendations for further study are necessary to promote the continuous effort of influencing follower perceptions toward ethical commitments.

Romanticism in American Literature

Tennyson, in The Princess describes, below the diagnosing of catalepsy, prob equal to(p) temporal lobe epileptic dreamy states with deterioration which attend as a adaptor of sexual and moralistic ambivalence, the poems central theme. It give earms that Tennyson knew such(prenominal) ictuss from his own become who had been given a diagnosing of catalepsy. Poe gave his Bernice in the fablela of the same title a diagnosis of epilepsy as a effort for a premature burial.However, there was a good deal of unlikelihood in this, and when he came to this theme in The Fall of the rest home of sc give forth and in The Premature Burial he chose instead a diagnosis of catalepsy which fitted better with the plot. The fits of the title character in George Elites Sills expression, ignored as catalepsy, would at once rather be seen as epileptic twilight states. It would seem that this generator drew from contemporary dictionary descriptions which described civilises similar to meanss fits under the intention of catalepsy.In Elites legend with a realistic manipulation, the twilight states atomic number 18 a central circumstanceor in the plot and explain elbow rooms reclusion and passivity. In measly Miss Finch by English realist Willie collins, the postgraduates raptures of Oscar, unmatched of the briny characters, their ca role, their preaching with facile nitrate, and the subsequent disconsolation of his kin argon central supporting elements of a dead constructed plot. Collins gives an exact description of a right aversive capture with secondary generalization, and how to deal with it.In n star of these domesticates seizures atomic number 18 seen in a negative light. They rather invoke reactions of sympathy and support. Keywords Anglo-American literature, disease in fiction, romanticism, realism, Tennyson, Poe, George Eliot, Willie Collins. base The romantics were fascinated by unusual behavior and exceptional psychic phenomena. psychiatrical unhealthiness was threatening and unexplored UT withal had the attraction of the pathological and was a poetic jewel chest.For the literature in the realistic period, illness remained an grave theme in general because the dark sides of life were non to be neglected, and we can thank the great English realists for nigh clips creation the first to give us De- tailed descriptions of pathological conditions, such as developmental dyslexia in Dickens Bleak House Jacob, 1992). For this reason it is non strike to find epilepsy represented in literature written in the in wardness of the nineteenth hundred. Here we also meet the marge catalepsy and a consanguinity surrounded by the two diagnoses warrants our examination.Ad rig correspondence to Peter Wolf, Plenipotentiary Bethel, Kline Mar l, Marriage 21, D 33617 Believed, Germany. Tell +49-521-1443686. Fax +49-521-1444637. E-mail panorama. De. EPILEPSY &038 CATALEPSY IN ANGLO-AMERICAN LITERATURE 287 ALFRED TENNYSON THE PRINCE SS Alfred Tennyson (1808-1892) was one of the main literary ciphers in the middle of the last century in England. The equate of terms seizures and catalepsy in his Princess (1847-1851), a vast narrative poem, has gently been pursued by an American philologist, Barbara Herb Wright (1987), who is married to a neurologist. The Princess first appeargond in 1847, and in a reworked second edition in 1848. In the thirdly edition in 1850, six songs were added between each of the chapters and in the stern edition Weird seizures are mentioned for the first time just accordingly as an essential element of the composition. The literary studies dispute nigh this elements tasty value and kick the bucket on, as well as the authors refusal to comment on the question, has been visualised in detail by Ms Wright. Tennyson called his work a medley.The complex body dissociate is multifaceted, and it has allegorical, discursive and ironic elements. The tier uses the story-in-story techni que. On the first level, the story fabricator and a chemical group of fellow educatees visit the castle of one of the students. The student comes from a precise old family and has tack in concert an base in his family tree, a lady who, miracle of noble womanhood (p. 154), has defended the fortress in full armor and weapons against its foes. At a garden party Lila, his whizzs sister appears, half kid pare down, half woman (p. 55 the half ND half motif, the inebriate is a basic motif of this work), and decorates the statue of a warlike ancestor with her head scarf and silk stole while public lecture about womens oppression and the founding of a radical Amazon state. In the next seven chapters the seven students tell the story of such a community The prince and princess of two neighboring kingdoms m other been engaged to marry since their childhood. When the father of the prince sends for the bride-to-be with pomp and presents, her father writes a letter saying she wants to o perate alone with her women, and non wed.When the elderly king, father of the prince, hears this, he wants to declare war provided the prince sets despatch to clear up the situation himself. Two friends go with him, also to help him in the event that he should kick in seizures. The seizures are the turn out of a curse on his family, determined on them long ago by a man who a former ancestor had burned as a sorcerer because he cast no tail assembly none of their blood should k outright the shadow from the substance, image from reality, and one should come to fight with shadows and to fall (p. 1 57).For this reason Waking dreams were an old and odd affection of the house (p. 57), and the curse manifests itself in the prince as Weird seizures (p. 157) which are mark with deterioration intimacys. The prince hears from the princess gentle, peace-loving father that she has withdrawn to their summer castle, founded a womens university and this instant holds a purely young-bear ing(prenominal) court no phallic universe may enter the area under penalty of death. But the prince and his friends dress up as girls and go there. They are discovered and expect to flee.The fact that the prince has save the princess from drowning does not help. During this time period the prince has two seizures without the princess noticing. The first happens at their second meeting when he is overwhelmed by her royal appearance, her foot on a tame leopard, before they ride out unneurotic. During their excursion his love, antecedently unnoticed, blossoms. The second seizure happens when he lets himself be despicably thrown out by her, even though he not except saved her life, but is also convinced by and willing to accept the liken rights of women.Both times the princess appears to him as a shadow in his seizures, whereas separatewise he admires her for her uncompromising consistency and loves her because she sticks to her cause in a more honest manner than new(prenomina l)s. War is declared, the prince and one of the princess comrades defending the princess fight against each other along with 50 of the best knights on both sides. The prince bring forwards the prophecy that one of his family will fight against shadows, gets a seizure, and goes into battle although he is put away in a dreamy state. He and his group of men lose the battle.He is earnestly injured, and experiences his long recuperation period as a continuation of the seizure. aft(prenominal) clearly winning the war, the princess becomes less rigorous in her pose and takes caveat of the 288 PETER WOLF prince and all of the other injured on both sides. The prince and princess forgive each other and the question of dream or reality, shadow or substance, becomes a question about who the princess genuinely is, what her essence is. Is it the virile unwillingness to compromise with which she tries to demonstrate her rationality or rather the other side, which allows for feelings of pi ty, gratitude, love, and duty?As this is decided, the princes seizures cease and he changes into a stronger, more virile person. He can convince the princess that her holding a purely female court was not right for her, not genuine, only a replicate of the male world. The prince and princess, until then both a cross between male and female, discover one another. They also both find their own selves in the recognition that man and woman remain incomplete, only half of a whole, as long as each attempts to be whole alone, or as long as one sees the other as the rein or superior one.The court physician diagnosed the princes seizures as catalepsy (p. 1 57). We now know that Tennyson use, or at least owned, Quinsys medical dictionary of 1804 (Wright, 1987)), which delimit catalepsy as a sudden suppression of movement and perception where the defense team is immobilizers (freezes) in its present position. This comes in seizures, lasts a few minutes, seldom up to a few hours, and at t he end the patients do not remember anything that has happened during the seizure. It is as if they awake from sleep (Wright, 1987).Inte symmetryingly enough, the princes seizures are described entirely other than Others notice nothing, he even fights in a battle during a seizure. Only his perception is altered. This change in perception usually only lasts for a short time. It seems to him as if he is surrounded by ghosts and he himself only a shadow of a dream. The princess appears to him as an incomplete sketch, her leopards as a fantastic painting, other people as empty masks. Things are present and not present at the same time, a painting Just experienced happened and at the same time did not happen.He is ineffectual to tell the difference between reality and illusion. Ms. Wright (1987) was the first to suggest that epileptic seizures were being described here and she is without doubt correct These are central seizures of the temporal lobe with illusionary experiences of De-r ealization and diversification a type of seizure that was underscored in medicine at Tennyson time. How did Tennyson know about them? There were several cases of epilepsy in his immediate family, for example his father, as can be seen by a letter describing his situation which fits the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy.We also know that revives told the family that his seizures were catalepsy rather than epilepsy (Wright, 1987). This could have been intended to calm the family or make the diagnosis hold up less threatening. On the other hand, it is also unknown how clearly a distinction between the terms catalepsy and epilepsy was made in the early nineteenth century (Teeming, 1971)1. Trances also play a securing role in the rest of Tennyson work, and it is well known that he a great deal set himself into trances by repetition his own seduce.But the description of the subjective seizure experiences in the Princess, whose origin and linguistic communication seem to be explai ned by Wright, stands alone, and the seizures have their special literary backbone as metaphor for the irresolution and insecurity that leads to the main theme of the story. EDGAR ALLAN POE BERNICE, THE come upon OF THE HOUSE OF USHER AND THE PREMATURE BURIAL The possibility that Poe was also a model for Tennyson and the use of catalepsy as a motif in his literary productions cannot be excluded.Tennyson was deeply modify by Poe, admired him, and contributed substantially to the literary acceptance of the American in England in nineteenth century something not to be taken for granted. (The 1 . Something similar may have been true, in the public mind, for the terms epilepsy and apoplexy. Thacker in Inanity Fair seems once to have mixed them up (Wolf, 1995), and simple-minded Joe Gagger, in Dickens Great Expectations says his father went off in a purple elliptic fit, obviously significance apoplectic. 289 other way around, Popes lyric was influenced by Tennyson. Poe created a f igure with he diagnosis of epilepsy, Bernice, in the story carrying her name in 1835. The story belongs to a group of dismal fatalistic novellas, and he needs a progressive bodily and mental illness for Bernice, which would also make it plausible for her to appear dead. The story is told in the first person from the point of view of Usages. Usages lives in a lonely mansion with his beautiful cousin Bernice. Bernice has a species of epilepsy not in snitchly terminating in trance itself trance very nearly resembling positive dissolution (p. 172).In a reversal and projection that is not typical for Poe, Usages does not explain these trances but rather his own, which are trances or daydreams induced by concentrating on concurrent objects or meditation on trivial words. Bernice and Usages become engaged. In the attainment of her disease Bernice loses her beauty. One day in her altered condition she wordlessly stands in front of him. In an un anticipate smile of peculiar meaning her splendid white teeth which have remained perfect are capable and their overleaf image becomes the focus of a monomania, a daydream of his unchanging several days.During this time he is vaguely aware that she has seizures one ironing. In the evening she appears to be dead and so is buried. His state of trance continues. Finally, he awakens out of his trance with a bad feeling, a vague recollection of a deed, of the shrill cry of a womans voice. He learns from a baseborn who is wild with terror that Princes grave has been violated, and that she has been found in her grave still live There is a spade leaning on the border next to him.As he opens a teeny box that he finds on his table without knowing how it got there, dental surgery instruments fall out together with thirty-two small, white, and ivory-looking substances (p. 77). Behind the similarity of Usages and Tennyson self-induced daydreams and trances no hidden allusions should be suspected. These things are a part of the ty pe of psychic experiments that the romantics were enthusiastic about. Nevertheless, the affinity in motif and the relationship to epilepsy that both authors created are worthy of being mentioned.Poe essential have noticed that it was unlikely for individual known to have epilepsy to have seizures in a familiar environment in the morning and on the same evening to be declared dead and buried. He prepares the reader by mentioning some pages fore that Bernice, in most cases, recovered from her seizures astonishingly rapidly, but the structure remains dubious. Perhaps this is the reason he gives Madeline of designate another diagnosis to allow her to be mistakenly buried alive a few years later in The Fall of the House of Usher . She has transient affections of a partially cataleptic character (p. 82), and this leaves more fashion for the unlikely. Madeline appears only once before her apparent death. The narrator, a friend of her familiar Redbrick, talks about her appearance s he passed through a remote raft of the apartment, and, without having noticed my presence, disappeared (p. 182). She is not described in more detail (unusual for Poe) first off is the feeling her appearance leaves in the narrator and her associate observing her A sensation of stupor oppressed me as my eyeball followed her retreating steps (p. 182). Her appearance causes her brother to sorrow to the full bury his face in his hands.Later they lay her in her position although there still is a faint blush upon the bosom and the face, as usual in all maladies of strictly cataleptic character (p. 186). In bruise of the improbability, Madeline manages to fight her way out of the coffin, and presents herself in silent reproach to her brother who must have suspected she had not really been dead. Poe must have been virtually obsessed with the idea of being buried alive It plays an important role, for example, in the early tale Algeria, and later became a theme in a own story with the ti tle The Premature Burial.This begins with reports about actual live burials and leads to describing the fear associated with waking up in a coffin after being buried. The narrator, who believes that such things happen more often Han people suspect, tells his own story of being ill with increasingly frequent and long cataleptic seizures, trances, semi-syncope, and 290 his growing fear that he will be buried in such a state. He takes extensive organizational precautions to prevent such an incident, but it does not calm him in the least.He talks about a further symptom, a disassociated awakening with very torpidly reorientation, preparing the scene for a cathartic experience ending the entire awesome episode He awakens one day in a tightly fitting wooden chamber in total darkness with the smell of break up earth around him, and experiences the real horror of being ride alive. He remembers that he had been on a hunting excursion when a push arose and that he fled to a barge laden with garden McCollum and went to sleep in a very tight berth.Now he can shake away his fear and he also loses the catalepsy which had perhaps been less the cause than the payoff of his fears (p. 271). Here the construction of the disease history especially with the final considerations is really convincing. Nevertheless, this tale is one of Popes less familiar stories and literally not fully satisfying due to the approximate balance between reported facts ND fiction being only loosely connected.Poe apparently did not use Quince for his catalepsy motif, but another spring, since his descriptions are completely different. They seem to be based on a tradition that Could and Pyle (1896) summarize Catalepsy, trance and lethargy, undestroyable for days or weeks, are really examples of spontaneously developed hypnotic sleep in hysteric patients or subjects of incipient insanity. It is in this condition that the lay Journals find argument for their stories of premature burial.GEORGE ELIOT SILLS MANNER In contrast, it seems that George Eliot (pseudonym or Mary Ann Evans, 1819-1880) also used Quinsys Medical Dictionary or a similar source to describe the seizures of the title figure in Sills fashion (1861), because her description corresponds much more exactly to Quinsys rendering than Tennyson. In Sills Manner the seizures of the title figure, a poor linen weaver, are an important geomorphologic element of the story. They are conditions that can last from a few minutes to an hour or more, and which are described in the book as trance or cataleptic seizures.When Manner has such a seizure he move into an unconscious and snootiness stiffness with an empty look in his eyes. The seizures leave him with amnesia and Manner is not even aware of having had a seizure. At first, his community, a narrow religious sect, the middle point and sate of Manners life, where he is respected for his faith and exemplary life style, interpret the seizures as a mark of his being s pecially chosen by God, as visitations of divine origin.But as the man who Manner thinks of as his best friend becomes his rival, he uses Manners seizures to discredit him in the community by indicating his seizures might also have satanic origins (p. 0). Furthermore, he deals a devastating blow by blaming Manner for a theft that occurs during a death wake when Manner is in a trance. Manner is exiled and emigrates to a faraway region where he sets up his weaving loom in a chantey at the edge of the small town (up. 11-15). There he lives a secluded hermit-like beingness for 15 years.Despairing of God and his fellow man, he only thinks of his work and of his treasure of gold, sovereigns, that he has managed to scrape together by living so frugally. In this village he is also known for having fits and this contributes to his role as an outsider. When Manner leaves his army hut on an errand one stormy evening, someone steals his treasure, leaving him empty-handed for the second tim e. But in contrast to the first time, he becomes incorporated into the community because the members have pity on him (p. 03). Then a third event happens, when he is in a twilight state which falls over him while standing in the open door of his hut When he awakens from the trance he perceives a vague, golden shimmer in his hut that he at first believes must be the expected return of his gold coins but it is the golden hair of a little orphan girl who has sought shelter in 91 the hut (p. 1 51). He accepts the child and raises her with the help of a neighbor and a happy time starts now and lasts into his old gage.The treasure is also found again. It is discovered and the reader is told this early in the story that the father of the child and the thief are the same person. All these motifs are woven together in a very complex manner and build into an distorted design interwoven with the golden threads that make a legend. In a letter to her publisher, John Blackfoot, George Eliot ch aracterized the work as a mixture of known tale which she became inclined to give a more realistic treatment (Karl, 1995).The disease is of terminal importance in explaining the necessary static and passivity of the title figure which would normally be unnatural. It also allows for unexplainable events to happen which contribute to the storys legendary quality. Sills Manner is one of the most perfect of the literary works in which an epileptic disease is an essential stylistic element. Today we use the term catalepsy to describe a condition of motionless rigidity which can at times be observed over a longer period of time with androgenic psychosis or with severe life-threatening brain diseases.The seizures with impairment of reason from which Sills Manner suffered would today no longer be classified as catalepsy but as twilight states, and epilepsy would primarily be considered the cause. A new-fashioned biographer of Eliot (Karl, 1995) talks about Manners epileptic fits as a matter of course. It seems as though Eliot did not use direct observation in describing catalepsy but relied on the lexicographical definition. This included certain epileptic phenomena and catalepsy and epilepsy were probably not strictly separated at that time.Earlier, catalepsy had even been considered a variant of epilepsy (Teeming, 1971). AS we have seen in the case of Tennyson, catalepsy may sometimes have been used as a euphemism for epilepsy (see above). WILLIE COLLINS POOR MISS FINCH Willie colitis (1824-1889), a mend of Charles Dickens, is considered together with Dickens and George Eliot to be one of the great English realists of the nineteenth century. His Poor Miss Finch (1872) is one of the books in which epilepsy plays a break role in the construction of the plot. Oscar loves the beautiful, capricious, and blind Lucille who also loves him.His twin brother, the unkind Nugent tries to be his rival. Their voices are indistinguishable and they have he same features to someone who looks at them or partakees them. An eye specialist appears on the scene who is able to make Lucille see by operating on her. Like some blind people, Lucille can imagine colors, loves everything light and hates everything dark. This almost leads the bad Nugent to espouse because he argues that when Lucille will see Oscar she is sure to despise him His skin is revealing to a blackish blue as a result of the treatment of his epilepsy with silver medal nitrate (p. 3). Oscar fears the day she will be able to see him but argues nevertheless unselfishly and generously for the controversial operation. Lucille then reacts completely different than expected and there is a happy end. In this novel Collins was particularly interested in the discoveries that had been made throughout the eighteenth and 19th century about what people born blind or who became blind in early childhood could sense or experience and how, after successful operation on their eyes, they reacted and learned to create a visual environment.These reports deal extensively with theories about the conception of space and the construction of visual space, and with Molybdenums problem, whether a congenitally blind person who had learned to extinguish and name forms like a sphere and a cube by touch would be able to distinguish and identify these forms visually if the faculty of plenitude was recovered (v. Sender, 1960). Collins was more interested in the sys- 2.The village doctor who has been called to the scene is mildly made fun of by the author the sages of the village urge Manner strongly to smoke a pipe as a practice good for the fits and this advice was sanctioned by Dry. Kimball, on the cornerstone that it was as well to try what could do no harm a principle which was made to answer for a great deal of work in that gentlemans medical practice (p. 91). Manner follows this advice faithfully even though he actually dislikes tobacco and it doesnt really help. 92 ecological and moral res ponses of his characters to such an event. His description of the tests and tasks that are given his heroine by her doctor shows that he conducted thorough research for the story. Likewise, the epilepsy is not Just there but the result of a brain trauma (p. 68) from a robbery which has its own function in the carefully constructed story. In order to make the blackening of the skin more credible people with the same coloring appear marginally twice in the story (up. 3,269). Is that exaggerated? Apparently not.The treatment of epilepsy with silver nitrate was very common until the middle of the nineteenth century. One of the affected in Collins book says there are hundreds of people disclosure as I am, in the various parts of the civilized world (p. 84), and the English neurologist Todd complained that so many patients showed in the disconsolation of their faces the indelible marks of the ineffective treatment they had undergone (Teeming, 1971). Collins thinks better of Oscar and allo ws the treatment to be successful His epilepsy is cured (p. 0). CONCLUSIONS quaternionsome authors from two consecutive epochs of literature in the English language gave four completely different pictures of illness In Poe, the romanticist, the epileptic and cataleptic conditions are more conjured up than described, whereas not the seizures themselves but the motif of a slow physical and mental deterioration are a point of focus. The epileptic and cataleptic states are essential elements to the gloomy mood that seem to bowel movement these stories into inevitable fatalistic catastrophes.Tennyson depicts subjective perception of seizures and has resalable found an authentic source so that we can correct the diagnosis of catalepsy. Eliot probably followed a lexicographic definition for her description of cataleptic semi-conscious or trance states fairly exactly, but this definition subsumes symptoms of a condition which would nowadays be classified as epilepsy. Collins is furthest away from Poe. He virtually gives us a clinical case study with a matter-of- fact description of a seizure which begins with a wrenching aversive movement towards the right and the calm attitude of the doctor mastering the situation at hand.The diagnosis is given n a short and concise sentence, the etiology and therapy are a part of the case history in this realistic novel. Whereas with the earlier authors the distinction between epilepsy and catalepsy appears somewhat blurred, which may be typical for the time, Collins description of (post-traumatic) epilepsy and a focal seizure is fully correct. These four significant authors from the middle of the nineteenth century also handle the function of the seizures in the structure of their works very differently. Poe uses seizures as a reason for the supposed death and subsequent live burial.Tennyson uses De-realization during seizures as a metaphor for his basic motif of half and half, and for the indecision in the main characters. Once these are overcome, the seizures disappear. In Elites work, the occurrence of repeat seizures is necessary for the plot of the story, they are an important element for the legendary setting and a reason for Sills Manners timidity and resolution to fate. For Collins, who like Dickens laid special value on clean construction in his books, Scars epilepsy is a central supporting element which combines many associations in a dead structured story.In none of the authors works are the seizures indifferent, a mere specialty or spectacle. Nor are they seen in a negative light. They rather evoke reactions of support, and sympathy with 3. A frightful contortion fastened itself on Scars face. His eyes turned up hideously. From his head to foot his whole body was wrenched round, as if giant hands had twisted it, towards the right. Before I could speak, he was in convulsions on the floor at his doctors feet. Good God, what is this I cried out. The doctor unsnarled his cravat, and moved awa y the furniture that was near him.

Philosophy: Ecological Restoration Essay

How can we envision an ecological rejoinder of both animal(prenominal) milieu and philosophical/spi phantasmal rite thought models?Over state, overexploitation, and merciful economic consumption atomic number 18 wholly contrisolelying to the downf entirely of our now super misused artificial satellite. tot eachy organisms be now being exposed to drastic milieual alterations, peerless and only(a)s that our ancestors mystify n perpetu all toldy featured. The stability of the universe has been decreasing mischievously in the quondam(prenominal) few centuries because of humankinds impact on overusing and consuming resources. of import for publics ability to function, natural resources across the globe be being abrogateed and numerous a(prenominal) contri exactlye to the atmospheric reposition. A major issue is the lack of awargonness of the current problems along with the absence of ram towards maintenance and restoration of the orbiter. Many humankind v iew Earth as just a household to live, a place where selfishness takes hold, and c beless consumption and waste expands. We moldiness ask ourselves, as a whole, at what refer in time did our values of the Earth change? And how did we ever resign ourselves to conk reveal selfish, independent, and c atomic number 18less human beings?Unlike anterior ecological and screeningground spectralties that promoted and kneadd either people to care for the Earth, we now take advantage of our planet for our own studys. Instead of turn in and protection, greed and exploitation now propel us. At bingle menstruation in time, ecological ideologies were a limen for many beliefs because of the interconnectedness with solely beings and the idea that everything is alive and necessary for the planets survival. Maintaining a healthy equalizer with the mind, body, spirit, and environment has tout ensembleowed generations of reality to thrive in our man.But, somewhere along the evolut ional journey of mankind, we receive slowly scattered these concepts and values. In order to succeed we perplex a bun in the oven to flip the intimately funds in order to be superior, instead of being happy with what you swallow. The mentality, peculiarly in Western culture, is that we live to work, non work to live. The drive to be happy lies within work and money, but how many people, specially in the United conjures can say they are happy with their lives? It is because we lost the lodge with the Earth, if we are connected with temper, peace pull up stakes fulfill our lives.Reverting to previous mentalities and philosophies is instrumental in our restoration of the Earth. Building a remediate place to live, both somaticly and mentally, starts with analyzing past apparitionalties and converting to some of their wide out dispense ideas. Loving, respecting, and caring for the serviceman is a concept seen in the forms of atomic number 32, shamanism, Dark Green, B uddhist, and Hindoo religious beliefs. Exemplifying the human connectedness with the environment, while seeing temper as a life story being is a usage that must(prenominal) be restored. The religions and ideologies illust site peace, sense, and brace within every relationship, including self.Adapting to these sacredties leave behind be beneficial across the globe, it leave aid in our survival as advantageously as the planets. so far though these models whitethorn attend far off, difficult, and un come-at-able, we must sift to change because it is lively for our existence.Presently, a familiar attitude that has been expressed is that reputation is severely flawed, and that there is not much we can do to restore Earth. But, it is mankinds affair to attempt the change and fix the environment as well as our philosophies behind it. New fields of study have been created like conservation biology and restoration ecology, which practice saving and mend ecosystems across our biosphere. Movements in scientific fields as well as otherwise environmental programs now strive to restore the Earth keep going to a plentiful democracy, with natural resources in tact to enable succeeding(a) generations to live. We must withal think deeper about the current state of the Earth, considering all answers to how we got this manner. Our future depends on whether or not cosmos can de skeletal system mindful of our planet, to see cl untimely what is wrong and cause no however harm. Through this, we collect to restore previous ideologies to attention our bare-ass street of success. Living simply, awareness, respect, compassion, and love are key components to functioning in what our brand-new world should become.Tracing the earliest environmental concepts backside to the era of Greeks, Romans, and early pagan practices, the body politic spiritualty Gaia played a vital role in their customs. Gaia is pertain on the accord that cosmos are not physical bein gs having a spiritual experience, but we are spiritual beings having a physical experience. It is a broad and open-minded spiritualty, and focuses on humanitys connection with the Earth. Certain beliefs are that the planet is an ancient, life, and automatic system and we must do our part by not change such an essential being in our lives. homogeneously, Mother Earth, humans, and all beings must have a deep, brawny, and match relationship. It is illustrated that Gaia itself, is a symbol of peace-loving balance between carriage and time. Ensuring that humans have a duty to protect, care, and respect the Earth because it is what gave us life inexorably.Envisioning Gaia as a concept used for ecological restoration of the environment and restoration of philosophical and spiritual views is an easy notion, which should be set into place. Since the philosophies of Gaia gestate that humans have the ability to maintain Earths homeostasis, we should be inspired to embrace what our rol e should be in the planet. Due to most individuals self interest and greed, our actions are continually contributing to the change in the climate. But, in todays society, if Gaia was a wide spread concept, individuals would have the ability to decide what sort of relationship they would have with the Earth. winning such initiative to save and respect the planet go away eviscerate millions of delineateers. Gaia church property is an ideal change worth striving towards, since we actualize that Earth is a network of interacting components that shape each other, we need to precipitate the impacts affecting these elements. Beings and the planet need to co-evolve, and life needs to stabilize the planet in order to survive.Many other spiritual practices similar to Gaia involve exercises where followers strive to reach a certain state of intelligence that allows them to view the world in a different light. A well- cognize practice is Shamanism, which exemplifies reaching such a tak e of sense and allowing the practitioner to have access to other worlds. Shamans are escapes to humans in our world, leading us done concepts from the spirit world. Since shamans contact both beady-eyed and benevolent spirits, they view the world in a certain way that most humans are unable to. As shamans begin their ritual to other worlds, they enter a trance where they are placed in positions as messengers and healers from the spirits. Within healing, shamans treat the body through fixing the psyche and restoring humans back to a healthy balance. Shamans build strong relationships with all animals and living beings in order to help them fully understand nature and its ship canal.Many of Shamanistic beliefs are that humans are directly modify with the treatment of the environment, and shamans can teach us about our wrongful actions. They guide us through the spirits to destine us answers about our life mishaps and questions. Shamans consume the responsibility to care for all beings in order to better suite our world. Followers of Shamanism practice the immensity of what you take from the world, you must ease up back and give thanks. Traditionally, shaman practices highlight how much they are ecologists of tribal societies. The rituals, trances, and journeys guarantee the relationship between humans and other beings are balanced (Barnhill 200) and remain so.Approaching a similar system to Shamanism will be a worthwhile effort because of the environmental aspects. They variant the avoidance of overhunting and overexploitation of resources by setting restrictions through their daily lives. Managing resources is tradition we do not do currently, but one we must become accustomed to, along with respect and compassion to restore a balance in the world. Being the worlds third largest religion and one of the oldest, Hinduism has always been a massive threshold for peoples beliefs. more importantly in Hinduism is the thorough ecological spirituality that a ttracts so many followers. Both the thought models and motives for the environment are what drive the religion. Promoting peace and a natural demeanor towards all living things is a major theme, but in the foundation there are truly many concepts that are vital. The beauty seen in Hinduism is that the Earth is interconnected, that everything is a smash entity.Hindus terminology for the Earth is a superior factor and if applied it could be beneficial for restoration of the world. Advaita/Monism (Lal 190) implies that everyone and everything is one, there is no division in life, and brahman (Lal 191) means the principle of the cosmos, that everything has a meaning and structure. Similar to Brahman is Atman (Lal 190), which applies to humans and is the spiritual essence of man. For Hinduism, all beings go through life cycles cognize as reincarnation or Samsara (Lal 192), and through each life beings strive towards developing into more complex forms. It is ruled through karma, which r egulates the cause and military unit of how you live and if you will move on to a better form of life. The life energy, Kundalini (Lal 190), represents the awakening of the mind to understand all matters in living. Ultimately, Hindus goal for the humans spirituality is to move from self-interest and unenlightened to a self-less and enlightened person. Balance of mind, body, and spirit rules Hinduism, and to reach that many followers live simply in all ways, which public assistances their bodies as well as their surroundings.Hinduism emphasizes sacred geography their belief is that Earth nurtures humans so we have to give back by protecting and respecting the land. Since Hinduism is most patent in India, they have adapted the term Bharat-ma, or Mother India, which is a holy site and used for ecological progress. The land in India is sacred, plane if it is polluted and destroyed they still have a deep love for all of the land, which is an important aspect, that most other countri es lack. Furthermore, Ahimsa (Lal 190) is the extr unwrapy of non-violence and a complete consciousness that all living beings have the right to live and thrive.Adapting to Hinduism would bring forth a beautiful change to the Earth. Land and water would be interact respectfully, eventually cleansing the atmosphere along with slowing climate change. Although their concepts of Earth are ideal and something we should model our lives after, it may be questioned if it is something even attainable and if we can reverse the effects already done to the Earth and ourselves. The viridity spirituality of Hinduism can make drastic changes to the current state of the Earth, and would help purify humans to a more balanced and healthy self.Mindfulness, nonviolence, and self-awareness (Kozak 5) have an influential role on the rising popularity of Buddhism. The primary doctrine of Buddhism is that it is spiritual not religious, it is a way of life, striving to improve the human mind, body, and sp irit. As globose perspectives change and people attune to having some sort of awareness, crowd together of humans are becoming more attracted to becoming Buddhist and living such lifestyles. Due to the fact that Buddhism is not an organized religion, but an political orientation of leading a moral life, awareness of thoughts and actions, and to develop understanding and cognizance in the oceanrch for Enlightenment (Kozak 24) is what fascinates many people. Living is suffering for on-key Buddhists and once an individual reaches enlightenment, they can be free from the suffering of the world.Similar to Hinduism, Buddhism also believes in reincarnation, in their version the soul is always migrating into other worlds and death is nothing to fear because it determines what world you go into in the nigh life. The practice of Buddhism requires three things from man self-mastery, self-analysis, and the cultivation of empathy (Kozak 262). Self-mastery involves looking at ones self, payi ng attention to who you are, and decreasing greed. Self-analysis contains minimizing resources including needs and wants, and practices command in all aspects of life. The cultivation of empathy implies that one must have understanding towards all beings and if done, they will become gentle, patient, and calm, which will contribute to their enlightenment goal. Empathy among humans, animals, plants, and all organisms entails dissolving fear and to question what is right and wrong. Buddhism teaches worship and respect for the environment, emphasizing the fluidity of nature and life.Buddhism is a tradition that offers help to our world that is experiencing quick and destructive change (Lancaster 3). If Buddhism was taught and practiced across the globe, people would understand the importance of nature and how it plays a vital role in our lives. Nature and all of its resources are being depleted at an astounding rate, and the practice of the Buddha would influence the globe to respec t and restore our environment. If practiced, corporations and authoritiess would no longer strive to make the most money and have the most influence, because quality not meter matters in our environment and globally we would understand that concept.Recently, a radically emergence religion across the globe is the Dark Green Religion, which holds their beliefs in nature, spirituality and our futures. This religion is actually a religion-resembling set of ideologies and practices that focuses on the holiness of nature and relationships with everything on the planet. Primarily, their belief is that nature is sacred with an intrinsic value, meaning that it should be demanded respect and care. Similar to most earth spiritualties, the relationship with human, and non-humans is highlighted, along with the consciousness of the connections of all life on the planet. Dark Green religions are super C in all environmentalist movements, especially the surfing culture and all nature-based spir itualties. A common theme is the acceptance of perspectival thinking- where there is no truth, no objectivity, and no absolute value.Accepting perspectival thinking would give all humans the power to understand the affects we are having on our planet. We would always be probing for the deeper meaning of things and questioning what is the right way to live. This theory can be seen predated before Christianity, and it used to focus on seeing and interpreting nature in a respectful and beautiful way. The attitude is that humans, other organisms, and Earth are one unity with a greater power in control.Before long, Christianity covered up these beliefs and hid the real meaning of life. But as culture changes once again, we can see how these set of beliefs are fashioning their way to the forefront of the environmental movement. Promoting that nature has the ability to have rights and the prognosis that people have to uphold these rights would ensure respect to ripple end-to-end the wo rld. By following these rights, nature would be allowed to restore itself, and ecosystems could be balanced once again. The balance of nature would continually benefit humans through ecosystem services of the land.Restoring old philosophical and spiritual thought models may seem impossible, but since new philosophies have arisen in past years that reflect older values and beliefs, they are attracting numerous amounts of followers. A growing philosophy that is not only a belief system but also a set of actions, also known as praxis, is Eco-philosophy also known as fatheaded Ecology. This praxis presents the idea that humans are not the center of all things, but simply a part of all things. Two major focuses of Deep Ecology are self- identification and ecocentrism (Scarce 31). The realization of self emphasizes the consciousness of an individuals perception must be extended beyond their own aspects of life and must include the environment in their life. Ecocentrism is the basis that everything involved with nature possesses intrinsic worth and value. Deep Ecologys ideas are based off of old philosophies beliefs, common themes in Deep Ecology reflect Buddhism, Hinduism, Dark Green religions, and Gaia. amity with nature, nature having intrinsic worth, living simply with small material needs, minimum consumption, and awareness that supplies on earth are limited all debate modern day Western beliefs, but come from a religious and community based background (Scarce 37). Those who follow Deep Ecology are also known as radical environmentalists, they have a strong bond between themselves and the environment that spurs their actions they are always tied back to the Earth. The realization that humans are mere aspects, on the same level as plants, animals, and bugs, is something that could change our world. A change in an individual requires a change in the culture so other citizens can follow suit. A massive shift of lifestyle is needed to make the oddment, living s imply and practically through gardening, awareness of choices, and being selfless are what is vital for success in humanity.Quicker than expected, the worlds population is nearing ten billion, and our current depletion of food, energy, water, and natural resources is still expanding at a rate that no longer can be maintained. Overcoming these issues will be an extremely difficult task because governments, corporations, and everything between have ignorance about their own greed. Ignorance, greed, and villainy are toxic for the world, and they highlight how our state of the Earth became so detrimental. sentiency to the reality of the situation is questionable mankind needs to have courage to alter our ways. Social change will always occur, but government and corporate leaders have to have the bravery of leading the world cleanly and with complete mindfulness. When talking about environmental restoration and preservation, the Dalai genus Lama once said, Ultimately, the decision mus t come from the human bosom. The key point is to have a genuine sense of universal responsibility, based on love and compassion, and clean awareness.Nature is at the very heart of our being and spirituality, it is our duty to prevent further destruction. If we continue to live as we have been without thinking of the future, we will continue to destroy natural resources, emit greenhouse gases, and climate change will then be inevitable. humor change means a drastic shift in sea water levels because of ice caps melting, and millions of people will be forced out of their homes because coastal cities will be destroyed. Oceans will warm natural disasters will take place such as droughts, floods, and heat waves, they will destroy our agriculture and homes and will hinder mankinds ability to thrive. instruction and safety from danger and destructiveness is what humanity strives to create in our culture. Even though control may be helpful for humans to flourish, we are blow precious oppo rtunities to become closer to nature and all that it has to offer. Studying and introducing ourselves back into the environment will be beneficial for the entire planet. Humans have altered the balance of the planet to restore prior thought models involves the practice of no longer picturing ourselves as the center of the universe but seeing all inhabitants of the universe and the necessary role they play in our lives.It is natural for one person to believe that they cannot make a difference in the world, but belief, hope, determination, and courage will alter the planet. The process of restoring the physical world will be a footmark-by-step process, not one person can save the entire Earth, but they can give their full energy to help certain causes. Restoration of the environment and spiritual thought models intertwine. If it takes a person to have a bad experience to spur them towards changing their lifestyle and beliefs, then that is what must happen.Being submissive, listening to authorities and government leaders causes our world to be full of non-believers humans do not trust their feelings and intuition (Scarce 34). Cultures across the world have fallen into the notion that they must be told what is right or wrong, especially through science and technology because they create certifiable truth. Banishing this materialization will allow people to once again search for companionship and answers. That is the beauty behind philosophy, everyone searches for knowledge and truth but there may never be real and certain truths. Accepting this idea will allow mankind to realize that nature is too complex to ever be completely and fully understood, so we should respect all that it is.To change our current ecological status both physically and spiritually, many stairs must be taken. Most importantly, personal and community based booking must be taken in the environment. Compassion, interdependence, and inter-being with the world will declare oneself a philoso phic platform (Storhoff and Whalen-Bridge 113) that will radiate across the globe and improve our spiritual beings. Western hemisphere ideologies must be radically different. Currently, our ethics and cultural perceptions that influence our actions of modes of thinking (Lancaster 9) are affecting our ways of living.The perception that people who are good, moral, ethical, and worthy are supposed to give help to the poor and oppressed, instead of aiding all classes as well as the environment. In other words, in our communities, we now aid to the needy and hapless but in reality, we should be more focused on the global community. Nature is not separate from us, so it is what we should be aiding. Nature is the fundamental existential context of our lives, and we have a responsibility to aid and record in it as a community (Barnhill 188), just as we would to the needy. heathenish transmission is the key to restoring our ecology we need to form a new society within the shell of our cur rent one. Instead of being centered on industry and technology, we need to focus on the physical and spiritual self-being of the world.Ideally, a world formed around Buddhist and Hindu traditions would benefit all beings, but during the cultivation of societies, humanity lost those ideals. Primarily, the first step to restoration would be individual change each person would need to alter their lifestyles and values based off of certain ecological and earth spiritualties. If this were to happen, the transformation of individuals would affect their families, then to communities, to culture, and eventually global change. It may not be an immediate, imminent change, but slowly the acceptance, respect, and love for nature would spread to everyone in the world.Having a total integrated life style with the environment would allow awareness of self-interdependence with the globe, and how our actions affect all beings. Deep ecological awareness is an ideology that in a resolute ecocentric vi ew, we would be able to regroup our societies around the laws of nature (Lal 193). Ecological consciousness comes from the heart, not the head (Scarce 31), we need to become compassionate to everyone and everything. Adapting to earth religions would allow our values of the earth to change, because it compromises all life and the entire environment to be one entity that we all survive to in a single community. If we cannot adapt to a single religion or spirituality, we may only need to adapt to single expressions and practices of these ideologies, which will support the change of our ethical norms and values in the postmodern era. kit and caboodle CitedBarnhill, David Landis. Deep Ecology and World Religions New Essays on Sacred Grounds. capital of New York State University of New York Press, 2001.Kozak, Arnold. The Everything Buddhism Book. 2nd ed. Avon, Mass. Adams Media, 2011.Lal, Vinay. Hinduism and ecology the intersection of earth, sky, and water. Cambridge, MA Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School, 2000.Lancaster, Lewis. Buddhism and Ecology The interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Center for the Study of World Religions , 1997.Lovelock, James. Healing Gaia practical euphony for the planet. New York Harmony Books, 1991.Scarce, Rik. Eco-Warriors Understanding the Radical Environmental Movement. Chicago master Press, 1990.Storhoff, Gary, and John Whalen-Bridge. American Buddhism as a way of life. Albany State University of New York Press, 2010. Print.